{
  "purpose": "Full 8-year trajectory (not just latest-year snapshot) for the top-12 import and top-12 export HS-2-digit chapters by FY2025-26 value, ranked separately by growth rate (CAGR) to distinguish 'large' imports from 'fast-growing' ones.",
  "source": "Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCI&S), via tradestat.commerce.gov.in/eidb -- Commodity-wise Export and Commodity-wise Import reports, 2-digit HS chapter level",
  "currency": "US$ Million",
  "years_covered": ["2018-19","2019-20","2020-21","2021-22","2022-23","2023-24","2024-25","2025-26"],
  "retrieved": "2026-07-18",
  "method": "Same TRADESTAT scrape as data/tradestat_hsn_export_import_2018-19_to_2025-26.json (Laravel/Livewire session + CSRF token via cookie jar, 8 POST requests each returning 2 fiscal years). This file re-derives rankings by CAGR and total growth from that same underlying by_chapter data -- not a new data pull.",
  "cagr_method": "((latest / first) ** (1/7) - 1) * 100, i.e. 7-period compound annual growth rate from FY2018-19 to FY2025-26. FY2025-26 is the most recent data available (updated 19 May 2026 per source) and may be a provisional/partial fiscal year.",
  "totals": {
    "total_imports_latest_fy2025_26": 776013.6,
    "total_exports_latest_fy2025_26": 441745.9,
    "top12_import_share_pct": 81.5,
    "top12_export_share_pct": 66.7
  },
  "top12_imports_by_value": [
  {
    "hs": "27",
    "name": "Mineral fuels & oils",
    "series": [
      167871.9,
      153646.5,
      99703.5,
      194857.1,
      260921.0,
      219053.6,
      218456.0,
      203415.4
    ],
    "first": 167871.9,
    "latest": 203415.4,
    "growth_pct": 21.2,
    "cagr_pct": 2.8
  },
  {
    "hs": "71",
    "name": "Pearls, gems & jewellery",
    "series": [
      64720.2,
      54493.8,
      55198.9,
      81663.7,
      73930.3,
      78473.6,
      88975.7,
      109430.2
    ],
    "first": 64720.2,
    "latest": 109430.2,
    "growth_pct": 69.1,
    "cagr_pct": 7.8
  },
  {
    "hs": "85",
    "name": "Electrical machinery",
    "series": [
      52048.9,
      49188.3,
      46691.6,
      62489.6,
      67637.3,
      79300.7,
      88596.4,
      104852.7
    ],
    "first": 52048.9,
    "latest": 104852.7,
    "growth_pct": 101.5,
    "cagr_pct": 10.5
  },
  {
    "hs": "84",
    "name": "Machinery, mechanical appliances",
    "series": [
      43840.4,
      43367.9,
      37032.0,
      50586.8,
      54377.0,
      57408.9,
      64302.1,
      74019.5
    ],
    "first": 43840.4,
    "latest": 74019.5,
    "growth_pct": 68.8,
    "cagr_pct": 7.8
  },
  {
    "hs": "29",
    "name": "Organic chemicals",
    "series": [
      22389.8,
      19815.8,
      19690.3,
      28522.5,
      28975.8,
      26745.1,
      26590.5,
      25410.7
    ],
    "first": 22389.8,
    "latest": 25410.7,
    "growth_pct": 13.5,
    "cagr_pct": 1.8
  },
  {
    "hs": "39",
    "name": "Plastics",
    "series": [
      15246.9,
      14212.1,
      13308.5,
      19994.2,
      23122.9,
      21830.6,
      22116.0,
      22234.5
    ],
    "first": 15246.9,
    "latest": 22234.5,
    "growth_pct": 45.8,
    "cagr_pct": 5.5
  },
  {
    "hs": "15",
    "name": "Animal/veg fats & oils",
    "series": [
      9994.4,
      9867.1,
      11308.1,
      19354.9,
      21122.3,
      15059.5,
      17591.6,
      19777.0
    ],
    "first": 9994.4,
    "latest": 19777.0,
    "growth_pct": 97.9,
    "cagr_pct": 10.2
  },
  {
    "hs": "72",
    "name": "Iron & steel",
    "series": [
      12582.3,
      10734.1,
      8278.9,
      12612.8,
      17718.3,
      18645.7,
      17400.3,
      15753.4
    ],
    "first": 12582.3,
    "latest": 15753.4,
    "growth_pct": 25.2,
    "cagr_pct": 3.3
  },
  {
    "hs": "90",
    "name": "Optical/medical instruments",
    "series": [
      9631.4,
      9251.1,
      8572.3,
      11331.2,
      11671.8,
      12922.2,
      13842.1,
      15375.3
    ],
    "first": 9631.4,
    "latest": 15375.3,
    "growth_pct": 59.6,
    "cagr_pct": 6.9
  },
  {
    "hs": "31",
    "name": "Fertilisers",
    "series": [
      6661.9,
      6704.5,
      6872.8,
      12765.7,
      15322.5,
      8923.7,
      8285.1,
      14580.2
    ],
    "first": 6661.9,
    "latest": 14580.2,
    "growth_pct": 118.9,
    "cagr_pct": 11.8
  },
  {
    "hs": "28",
    "name": "Inorganic chemicals",
    "series": [
      7624.6,
      6366.4,
      6884.6,
      10242.9,
      12841.5,
      9142.4,
      11377.1,
      14179.7
    ],
    "first": 7624.6,
    "latest": 14179.7,
    "growth_pct": 86.0,
    "cagr_pct": 9.3
  },
  {
    "hs": "88",
    "name": "Aircraft & spacecraft",
    "series": [
      7615.4,
      9971.3,
      5744.1,
      4995.8,
      11169.7,
      12697.5,
      13911.6,
      13774.8
    ],
    "first": 7615.4,
    "latest": 13774.8,
    "growth_pct": 80.9,
    "cagr_pct": 8.8
  }
],
  "top12_exports_by_value": [
  {
    "hs": "27",
    "name": "Mineral fuels & oils",
    "series": [
      47920.3,
      42708.8,
      26907.7,
      69570.1,
      101241.9,
      87602.4,
      67046.0,
      55871.2
    ],
    "first": 47920.3,
    "latest": 55871.2,
    "growth_pct": 16.6,
    "cagr_pct": 2.2
  },
  {
    "hs": "85",
    "name": "Electrical machinery",
    "series": [
      12727.8,
      15187.8,
      14213.9,
      20178.7,
      28608.6,
      34412.5,
      44049.6,
      53976.3
    ],
    "first": 12727.8,
    "latest": 53976.3,
    "growth_pct": 324.1,
    "cagr_pct": 22.9
  },
  {
    "hs": "84",
    "name": "Machinery, mechanical appliances",
    "series": [
      20965.5,
      20835.0,
      18954.0,
      25410.1,
      27476.8,
      30057.1,
      33475.2,
      36629.6
    ],
    "first": 20965.5,
    "latest": 36629.6,
    "growth_pct": 74.7,
    "cagr_pct": 8.3
  },
  {
    "hs": "71",
    "name": "Pearls, gems & jewellery",
    "series": [
      40449.2,
      36085.9,
      26163.9,
      39268.6,
      38112.5,
      32853.1,
      29958.4,
      28343.8
    ],
    "first": 40449.2,
    "latest": 28343.8,
    "growth_pct": -29.9,
    "cagr_pct": -5.0
  },
  {
    "hs": "87",
    "name": "Vehicles",
    "series": [
      18096.3,
      16711.8,
      13640.3,
      19762.5,
      21219.9,
      20889.3,
      22648.4,
      25973.4
    ],
    "first": 18096.3,
    "latest": 25973.4,
    "growth_pct": 43.5,
    "cagr_pct": 5.3
  },
  {
    "hs": "30",
    "name": "Pharmaceuticals",
    "series": [
      14754.1,
      16289.3,
      19384.0,
      19396.2,
      19861.9,
      22105.8,
      24577.8,
      25073.4
    ],
    "first": 14754.1,
    "latest": 25073.4,
    "growth_pct": 69.9,
    "cagr_pct": 7.9
  },
  {
    "hs": "29",
    "name": "Organic chemicals",
    "series": [
      18239.6,
      17487.3,
      17949.7,
      22048.8,
      21377.4,
      20311.5,
      20120.7,
      20408.8
    ],
    "first": 18239.6,
    "latest": 20408.8,
    "growth_pct": 11.9,
    "cagr_pct": 1.6
  },
  {
    "hs": "10",
    "name": "Cereals",
    "series": [
      8160.2,
      6672.4,
      10103.5,
      12882.0,
      13860.6,
      10994.0,
      12752.4,
      12007.5
    ],
    "first": 8160.2,
    "latest": 12007.5,
    "growth_pct": 47.1,
    "cagr_pct": 5.7
  },
  {
    "hs": "73",
    "name": "Iron/steel articles",
    "series": [
      7290.2,
      7034.7,
      6596.8,
      8838.5,
      9812.0,
      9939.1,
      10179.4,
      10409.0
    ],
    "first": 7290.2,
    "latest": 10409.0,
    "growth_pct": 42.8,
    "cagr_pct": 5.2
  },
  {
    "hs": "72",
    "name": "Iron & steel",
    "series": [
      9742.0,
      9277.5,
      12123.9,
      22906.2,
      13397.5,
      11859.4,
      9251.1,
      10316.6
    ],
    "first": 9742.0,
    "latest": 10316.6,
    "growth_pct": 5.9,
    "cagr_pct": 0.8
  },
  {
    "hs": "62",
    "name": "Apparel, not knitted",
    "series": [
      8336.0,
      7994.8,
      5941.9,
      7845.6,
      8494.0,
      7804.4,
      8303.1,
      8172.5
    ],
    "first": 8336.0,
    "latest": 8172.5,
    "growth_pct": -2.0,
    "cagr_pct": -0.3
  },
  {
    "hs": "61",
    "name": "Apparel, knitted",
    "series": [
      7820.4,
      7514.8,
      6348.0,
      8175.1,
      7710.1,
      6740.6,
      7703.9,
      7642.1
    ],
    "first": 7820.4,
    "latest": 7642.1,
    "growth_pct": -2.3,
    "cagr_pct": -0.3
  }
]
}